Biography of Bhagat Singh:
One of the most important revolutionaries in the Indian Nationalist Movement is Bhagat Singh. On September 28, 1907, Kishan
Singh and Vidyavati gave birth to Bhagat Singh in Banga, Lyallpur District (now Pakistan). When he was born his uncles Ajit
and Swaran Singh, as well as his father Kishan Singh, were all imprisoned
for protesting the 1906 Colonization Bill. Being raised in a politically
conscious household where his family supported the Ghadar Party,
young Bhagat Singh developed a sense of patriotism.
Bhagat Singh started supporting Mahatma Gandhi Non-Cooperation Movement at
a very young age. Bhagat Singh only resisted the British and carried out Gandhi's request by
setting fire to publications that were sponsored by the government. In fact,
he quit school altogether to enrol in Lahore's National College. The 1919
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and the 1921 murder of unarmed Akali demonstrators
at the Nankana Sahib both occurred when he was a teenager, and both events
strongly influenced his patriotic viewpoint.
Bhagat Singh's family adhered to the Gandhian philosophy of using
non-violence to achieve Swaraj, and for a while, he also backed
the Indian National Congress and the objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement. After the Chauri Chaura Incident, Gandhi demanded that the movement against non-cooperation be
abandoned. Bhagat Singh disassociated himself from Gandhi's nonviolent effort because of the choice and joined the Young
Revolutionary Movement instead. thus began his career as the most well-known
proponent of a bloody uprising against the British Raj.
The Naujawan Bharat Sabha was established in March 1925, with Bhagat Singh serving as its secretary, and was motivated by nationalist
movements in Europe. In addition, Bhagat Singh joined the radical Hindustan Republican Association (HRA),
which he eventually renamed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) with fellow
revolutionaries Chandra Shekhar Azad and Sukhdev.
Freedom Fighters Bhagat Singh Revolutionary Activities :
Bhagat Singh's political activism began in earnest during the 1920s. He
was involved in a number of protests and demonstrations against British
rule, and he also participated in several armed robberies to found the
HSRA's activities.
Bhagat Singh's early actions consisted primarily of penning critical
articles against the British government and printing and distributing leaflets explaining the
fundamentals of a violent insurrection to overthrow the government. To
protest the Simon Commission's arrival, Lala Lajpat Rai led an all-parties
parade that marched toward the Lahore train station on October 30,
1928.
To stop the protesters from moving forward, the police used a violent lathi
charge. The revolutionaries were not able to recognize J.P. Saunders who was
Assistant Superintendent of Police, they thought that he was a Scott and
killed him instead. Bhagat Singh quickly left Lahore to avoid getting caught. To avoid being recognized, he shaved his
beard and cut his hair, violating the core values of Sikhism.
Bhagat Singh Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)
Bhagat Singh was a prominent revolutionary in India's fight for
independence, closely aligned with the Hindustan Socialist Republica
Association (HSRA). Joining the HSRA in his youth, Singh was drawn to
its militant approach against British colonial rule. Notable members included Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram
Rajguru. Singh and his associates became infamous for actions such as the
Saunders killing, seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, and the
Central Legislative Assembly bombing to protest repressive laws. Their
hunger strike in prison gained widespread support. Executed by
the British in 1931, Singh's martyrdom remains an enduring symbol of courage and sacrifice
in India's struggle for freedom.
Bhagat Singh and Assassination of J.P. Saunders
Bhagat Singh and his compatriot Rajguru assassinated J.P. Saunders in
1928 to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai during a protest against
the Simon Commission. Mistakenly identifying Saunders as the
responsible police officer, they shot him dead in Lahore. This act
marked a significant turning point in India's struggle for independence and propelled Singh and his
associates into the national spotlight, as they openly dared to
challenge British colonial rule.
Central Assembly Bombing Case
Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt exploded a bomb in Delhi's Central
Assembly on April 8, 1929, from the Visitors Gallery. They also raised
pro-revolutionary banners and threw leaflets. Because they planned to
utilize the trial as a platform to propagate their message of
revolution and anti-imperialism, neither revolutionary resisted being
taken into custody. Throughout the entire arrest, they screamed
''Inquilab Zindabad'' slogans. The phrase gained a lot of traction
with young people and many liberation warriors.
They never intended to hurt anyone physically, thus there were no
casualties in the incident. Their claimed objective was ''to make the deaf
hear''. Auguste Valliant, a French anarchist who was hanged by France for
a similar incident in Paris, served as inspiration for Bhagat Singh, the incident mastermind. Both Singh and Dutt received life
sentences in jail after being found guilty in the incident trial. At this
point, Bhagat Singh had also been connected to the JP Saunders murder case. He was
charged with the murder of Saunders together with Rajguru and Sukhdev.
1929 Assembly Incident Trial
The violent protest was met with harsh criticism from the political body.
In response, Singh said, ''Force, when used violently, is 'violence' and
is morally indefensible but when it is used in support of a righteous
cause, it has its moral legitimacy. Trial proceedings began in May, with
Singh attempting to be represented by Afsar Ali. The explosions'
malevolent and illegal motive was cited by the court in its decision in
favour of a life sentence.
Lahore Conspiracy Case and Trial
Three people, Hans Raj Vohra, Jai Gopal, and Phanindra Nath Ghosh,
turned government approvers, which resulted in a total of 21 arrests,
including those of Sukhdev, Jatindra Nath Das, and Rajguru. The police
raided the HSRA bomb factories in Lahore shortly after the sentencing
and detained several well-known revolutionaries. For the murder of
Assistant Superintendent Saunders, the making of bombs, and the Lahore
Conspiracy case, Bhagat Singh was detained once again.
On the orders of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, a special tribunal made up of
Justices. J. Coldstream, Agha Hyder, and G.C. Hilton were established on
May 1, 1930, due to the sluggishness of the legal proceedings. The
tribunal had the authority to conduct the trial without the presence of
the defendant, and it was a biased trial that rarely followed the standard
legal rights principles.
Bhagat Singh's Thoughts and Opinions
Bhagat Singh's sense of patriotism had been embedded in him since a very
young age. He was raised to value nationalism and yearned for an
independent India free from British rule. He developed a socialist outlook
after reading a lot of European literature and developing a great desire
for a democratic future for his beloved nation. Bhagat Singh was born a
Sikh, but after seeing numerous Hindu-Muslim riots and other religious
upheavals, he began to learn toward atheism.
Bhagat Singh thought that in order to attain something as precious as
independence, imperialism's exploitative aspect needed to be completely
eradicated. According to his opinion, only an armed revolution along the
lines of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia could bring about such
transformation. He coined the phrase ''Inquilab Zindabad,'' which
eventually became the war cry of the campaign for Indian
independence.
Bhagat Singh Death
Bhagat Singh's death on March 23, 1931, at 7:30 in the morning, his
friends Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged at the Lahore Jail Bhagat
Singh's death age was 23 years. He was born on September 28, 1907, and
was executed on March 23,1931. They allegedly shouted their favourite
slogans, as ''Inquilab Zindabab'' and ''Down with British Imperialism,''
as they marched joyfully to the execution location. On the bank of the
Sutlej River.